Page 16 - Top Finance Apps - Algeria

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National Bank Business

nbc.ca

Discover the full range of business solutions and services from National Bank, your partner for over 150 years. The National Bank of Canada (French: Banque Nationale du Canada) is the sixth largest commercial bank in Canada. It is headquartered in Montreal, and has branches in most Canadian provinces.

National Bank of Canada

nbc.ca

Simplify your finances with our services including bank accounts, mortgages, credit cards, savings and insurance. Access accounts with 24/7 online banking. The National Bank of Canada (French: Banque Nationale du Canada) is the sixth largest commercial bank in Canada. It is headquartered in Montreal, and has branches in most Canadian provinces.

Danske Bank Norway

danskebank.no

Danske Bank A/S is a Danish multinational banking and financial services corporation. Headquartered in Copenhagen, it is the largest bank in Denmark and a major retail bank in the northern European region with over 5 million retail customers. Danske Bank was number 454 on the Fortune Global 500 list for 2011.

Danske Bank Sweden

danskebank.se

Danske Bank Finland

danskebank.fi

Danske Bank UK

danskebank.co.uk

Danske Bank Denmark

danskebank.dk

Scotiabank Costa Rica

scotiabankcr.com

Scotiabank Costa Rica offers you several personal banking solutions to help you achieve your goals. Click to discover the advantages of Scotiabank.

Scotiabank Colpatria

scotiabankcolpatria.com

Scotiabank Colpatria offers financial services and products for individuals and companies: Credit cards, loans, accounts, investment, insurance and more.

Scotiabank Mexico

scotiabank.com.mx

At Scotiabank we offer you Financial Services with Exclusive Benefits. Get to know our Products!

Scotiabank Perú

scotiabank.com.pe

We have the strength and experience necessary to take your goals seriously. We offer financial solutions in savings, credits, cards and much more.

Owny

owny.com

Owny is a financial technology tool that provides a comprehensive platform for businesses to manage their capital and banking needs. It offers AI-powered features to streamline processes related to private capital management, investors, and treasury. The tool caters to various industries such as startups, private equity and venture capital funds, real estate, and more. For startups, Owny enables the management of SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity) and Convertible Notes using industry-standard templates. It also offers AI tools for funds to onboard existing and new funds, using both standard and custom templates. The tool facilitates investment activities in real estate by allowing users to share listings, process contracts, and manage deposits for private real estate offerings.Investors can benefit from a private dashboard that provides dedicated accounts, investment management features, verifications, and more. Furthermore, Owny covers global payment transfers through its FX/ACH/Wire module, which manages outgoing and incoming payments linked to specific private offerings.The tool also offers back-office tools for transaction reporting, compliance management, and custom updates. Users can track interest, sales activity, and inventory through interactive data analytics tools. Owny allows users to create and share agreements for seamless closing processes, payments, refunds, and other contractual activities. Additionally, the tool provides ongoing support through a dedicated team of specialists, ensuring a white-glove service experience for users and stakeholders. It is important to note that Owny is a financial technologies company, not a registered broker-dealer or a bank, and it does not provide legal, tax, or investment advice. The platform partners with registered investment advisers to offer certain investing features, and all investment advisory services are provided by these third-party advisors. Users should be aware of the potential bias due to the partnership when considering investment options. Investing involves risk, and projected or hypothetical performance should not be considered as guarantees of future investment outcomes.

DailyFX

dailyfx.com

DailyFX is the leading portal for forex trading news, charts, indicators and analysis. Every tool you need to trade in the foreign exchange market.

SplitMyExpenses

splitmyexpenses.com

SplitMyExpenses is a free tool designed to streamline the process of sharing expenses among friends, roommates, and couples. Users can create a group, add friends and bills, and track who owes whom. The tool allows users to itemize receipts from images and link credit cards for daily automatic expense imports. Within the platform, debts can be settled using integrated payment apps. SplitMyExpenses supports over 150 currencies and allows secure, fast, and private transactions without selling user data. It features a modern design that gives control and clarity when adding shared expenses with expansive split types, custom paid amount, AI-powered features, and customization. The AI-powered tool also automatically itemizes receipts, enabling users to split per item. Users can view spending charts, integrate with payment apps, and link credit cards for daily expense tracking. Debts are automatically and intelligently shuffled to minimize the number of payments needed for settling up in groups. For additional features, the tool offers premium plans.

Amanda AI

amandaai.com

Amanda AI is a fully autonomous artificial intelligence tool designed to enhance and optimize digital marketing strategies. Its primary function is to maximize the effectiveness of your marketing budget by making dynamic cross-channel budget decisions and ensuring money is allocated where it yields the best results. With Amanda AI, users can attain an unprecedented level of optimization that surpasses human capabilities, comprehensively automating repetitive tasks to free up professionals for more complex and creative projects. The tool eliminates the need for constant manual labor and its intelligent algorithms quickly perform tasks more efficiently. It's been designed for ease of use, with a user-friendly approach that requires no integrations and provides the user with full control of their marketing operations. Amanda AI also claims a transparent approach to its service, with no hidden details in its functionality. The tool is in use by several companies across various industries, demonstrating its versatility and adaptability in the digital marketing field. Furthermore, resources such as webinars, case studies, blogs, and guides are provided to assist users and potential users to understand the product better and get the best out of it.

Forex Tester

forextester.com

Forex Tester is a software that simulates trading in the Forex market, so you can learn how to trade profitably, create, test and refine your strategy for manual and automatic trading.

TaxHawk

taxhawk.com

TaxHawk is an online service that helps individuals prepare and file their federal and state tax returns in a simple and efficient manner. TaxHawk provides an intuitive, step-by-step interface to guide users through the tax filing process. Some of the key features include: * Interactive interview to gather tax information * Automatic calculation of federal and state taxes * Review and optimization of deductions and credits * Secure electronic filing of tax returns * Access to tax expert assistance, if needed

CryptoGuGu

cryptogugu.com

CryptoGuGu is a widely recognized and respected name in the cryptocurrency space. As the go-to platform for ranking cryptocurrencies, we attract token creators who want their projects to gain maximum visibility. Our platform guarantees constant accessibility to the latest and most accurate information. Many cryptocurrencies are listed on CryptoGuGu before making it to CoinMarketCap and CoinGecko, making us the top choice for new projects. Moreover, we offer a comprehensive analysis of the crypto market. Beyond monitoring token price, volume, and capitalization, CryptoGuGu goes a step further. We track community growth on various platforms, voting scores among other DeFi projects, trading history, major events, and other on-chain metrics and indicator

Avanzai

avanz.ai

Avanzai allows you to build autonomous AI agents for finance. These agents can leverage tools to automate portfolio management, stock screening, risk management and scenario analysis.

TaxGPT

taxgpt.com

‍Get precise answers to the most complex tax questions in seconds. Your AI-powered tax assistant: accurate, saves time, and dedicated to maximizing deductions.

BCU

bcu.org

BCU | Credit Union - Better Banking: Checking, Loans, Credit Cards, Mortgages, Savings. Better banking and financial freedom at BCU, a credit union with over 40 years’ experience in checking and savings accounts, credit cards, loans, and mortgages.

Stockpulse

stockpulse.ai

Stockpulse is an artificial intelligence (AI) based tool specialized in the analysis of financial news and communities. It utilizes features such as large language models to provide insights from a variety of financial media sources. The firm offers a broad range of services to diverse sectors including Quantitative Asset Management, Brokers, Exchanges and Financial Regulators, Private Equity & Family Offices, Reputation Management, Cryptocurrency Markets, and Cyber Intelligence. The tool has various solutions such as Datasets, LLM Training Datasets, AI Automated Reports, AI Alpha Signals, Industry Analyzer, and Crime & Cyber Intelligence. Stockpulse supports data-driven, quantitative decision making for a broad range of participants in the financial markets by collecting, analyzing, and connecting alternative data from worldwide online sources using AI and machine learning methods. It also focuses on sentiment analysis to tap into the collective user activity on social media, offering unique sets of AI and Deep Learning tools to increase the competitive advantages of its users.

Valon

valon.com

Valon (Valon Mortgage) is on a mission to empower every homeowner. We believe the journey of home ownership starts when you get your keys, but lasts far beyond. We’re creating a world where home ownership comes with ease, security, and financial know-how. Founded in 2019, Valon has over 200 employees and is already processing $5+ billion in mortgages. Our ultimate goal is to become the financial wellness platform for everyone and remove the stress that comes with managing your finances.

JazzCash

jazzcash.com.pk

JazzCash is Pakistan’s leading digital financial services provider. We offer a broad portfolio of branchless banking services for customers, including travel, ticketing, entertainment, money transfer, bill payments, debit card, insurance, savings, and payments for a wide variety of services. JazzCash has been a game-changer in the mobile financial services industry in Pakistan. By offering a range of financial services and an extensive network of agents and partner banks, it has made it easier for millions of previously unbanked or underbanked individuals to access financial services and participate in the formal economy.

TipLink

tiplink.io

Send cryptocurrency to anyone with TipLink, even if they don’t have a crypto wallet on Solana. Claiming a TipLink digital wallet with assets such as NFTs and tokens is as simple as clicking a link.

FinanceBrain

financebrain.ai

Finance Brain is an AI tool that assists in financial analysis by automatically analyzing and visualizing financial data. The tool allows businesses to track revenue and cost of goods sold over multiple years, providing them with insights into their financial performance. Through its machine learning algorithms, Finance Brain is able to identify patterns in financial data, enabling businesses to make informed decisions about their financial strategy. The tool offers a range of visualizations and reports that can be customized to meet the unique needs of each organization. Finance Brain is designed to be user-friendly, allowing businesses to quickly and easily analyze their financial data without the need for in-depth financial expertise. It is particularly useful for businesses that need to track financial trends and patterns over multiple years or want to monitor their financial performance in real-time. Overall, Finance Brain is a valuable tool for businesses looking to gain insights into their financial performance and make data-driven decisions about their financial strategy. Its machine learning capabilities make it a powerful tool for analyzing financial data and identifying trends, while its user-friendly interface ensures that businesses can quickly and easily access the information they need.

Tender

tender.run

Tender is an inbox-zero spending tracker app that's fast, simple, and secure.

Zarinpal

zarinpal.com

Zarinpal provides payment portal, wallet, online wallet, ussd portal, in-app payment, direct portal, mobile payment, dedicated portal, intermediary portal, bank payment portal.

Velo

velodata.app

faster, easier crypto data.

Kudos

joinkudos.com

Kudos is an advanced AI-based tool recognized as a 'Smart Wallet'. It leverages the power of artificial intelligence to manage and automate numerous financial tasks seamlessly. With the 'Smart Wallet' feature, users can streamline their financial management process by collating all their financial information in a single, secure digital wallet. The tool supports various currencies and digital assets, thereby extending its utility to a vast variety of transactions.With Kudos, users can easily monitor their earnings, expenses, investments, and savings. They can also plan and track their spending habits and savings goals. The 'Smart Wallet' concept provides a unified platform to manage numerous financial aspects, simplifying personal finance management for its users. Furthermore, it offers the comfort of executing digital transactions securely and swiftly.In addition to these, Kudos uses AI technology's predictive capabilities to deliver personalized financial insights and recommendations. It tracks user behavior and financial habits to provide tips and suggestions, thereby assisting in informed financial decisions. Through a clear and straightforward user interface, Kudos ensures a hassle-free user experience.In conclusion, Kudos is an innovative AI tool designed for those seeking an efficient way to manage and automate their financial activities. It ensures secure transactions, offers consolidated financial management, and delivers customized financial advice leveraging AI's power. However, as with all digital financial tools, users are advised to understand and abide by the terms and conditions of its use to ensure secure and effective utilization.

Railz

railz.ai

Railz is building the largest financial data network for the future of finance. We aim to bridge the connection between future-thinking financial institutions and companies and their SMB customers’ financial data. Our Accounting Data-as-a-Service™ solution offers financial institutions and fintechs the ability to move fast through messy data - and make sense of it all. With our single API, get the financial data you need from major accounting and financial service providers. Get real-time accounting data, syncing, and analysis at your fingertips with Railz.

Pinwheel

pinwheelapi.com

Pinwheel is working to create a fairer financial system by unlocking API access to payroll systems. Pinwheel provides a platform allowing consumers to connect their payroll account to any app. By building pipes that connect these systems to banks, lenders, and other service providers, we help underserved consumers gain equitable access to today’s financial products when they need them the most.

ProRealTime Web

prorealtime.com

Online charting software for technical analysis & trading of stocks, futures, forex, commodities... Intuitive market analysis tools & low latency market data for traders & investors.

ySense

ysense.com

ySense is an online community with multiple earning options. Start earning with paid online surveys, cash offers, & quick tasks.

Experiment

experiment.com

Experiment, formerly called Microryza, is a US website for crowdfunding science-based research projects. Researchers can post their research projects to solicit pledges. Experiment works on the all-or-nothing funding model. The backers are only charged if the research projects reach their funding target during a set time frame. In February 2014, the site changed its name from Microryza to Experiment.com. It was founded in 2012 by Denny Luan and Cindy Wu, former University of Washington students. The former name Microryza is inspired by Mycorrhizae and symbiotic fungi that lives in the roots of plants. Unlike the popular crowdfunding site Kickstarter, backers of Experiment projects do not get tangible rewards for backing. Researchers share the scientific process directly with the backers and become a part of the project. Experiment charges 11-13% in fees (8% for platform fees and 3-5% for payment processing) only if the campaign is successful. If the campaign does not reach the funding goal, no one is charged.

Genworth

genworth.com

Genworth is a leading provider of financial solutions for long-term care. They offer a range of products and services to help individuals and families plan for and manage the challenges of aging. They have been a pioneer in the long-term care insurance industry for over 45 years, helping millions of customers plan for and manage the costs of long-term care. Genworth offers a variety of long-term care insurance products under the Enact brand, as well as life insurance and annuity products. The company provides resources and tools to help customers understand long-term care, estimate costs, and determine their coverage needs. This includes the Cost of Care Survey, which tracks long-term care costs nationwide. Genworth has a dedicated customer service team to assist policyholders with claims, benefit payments, and other policy-related matters. They have a 24/7 claims hotline.

Zasta

zasta.de

Thanks to Zasta, you never have to do your tax return yourself again. From now on you can have your tax return for 2020 – 2023 done by experts, namely a real tax advisor. The Zasta principle for your 2023 tax return is super simple: +++ Register in 3 minutes and receive an average of over €1,000 +++ Registering for Zasta is free and easy. All you need is your name, address and your tax ID from your payslip. This allows Zasta to automatically retrieve existing data from the tax office* and prepare your tax return for you. Unique in Germany. +++ Free refund calculation +++ You will receive a free offer from the partner tax advisors as quickly as possible, listing your possible refund, including the fees for filing your income tax return, because transparency is our top priority. You can then simply accept the offer for your tax return and increase the value of your refund for your 2020 - 2023 tax return by stating any other costs you had. +++ Real tax advisors work for you +++ Don't know anything about taxes? Did you miss the tax return deadline? What can you have taken into account in your income tax return and what cannot? All of this is no longer a problem because real experts will do your tax return for you. Zasta developed the tax app together with tax advisors. If you accept the free offer, the tax advisors will check for you whether you include costs for travel (commuter allowance), the home office allowance, further training costs, costs for work clothing, daycare costs and much more in your tax return. can be credited. Because this way you can get even more taxes back. An income tax return couldn't be easier. +++ 4 years of tax money back +++ You haven't filed a tax return yet? No problem, with Zasta you can also have taxes recovered for previous years. For the last four years, that’s an average of over €4,000.

Taxfix Italia

taxfix.it

The simplest statement of your life. Your 730 online in a few minutes: check your documents and expenses with tax experts, see the result immediately and always get the maximum tax refund.

Taxfix Deutschland

taxfix.de

Do your taxes quickly and easily with Taxfix and get back an average of €1,095. Over 50,000 good reviews prove us right.

Mitrade

mitrade.com

Trade Forex, Commodities, Indices, Shares, ETFs and More. Explore the world's most popular financial markets through Mitrade’s award-winning trading platform! Enjoy a seamless trading experience. Zero commissions, competitive spreads, and flexible leverage!

BridgerPay

bridgerpay.com

BridgerPay is the world’s first payment operations platform, built to automate ALL payment flows with a Lego-like interface, empowering ANY business to scale their payments, insights, and revenue with a codeless, unified and agnostic software.

Connectpay

connectpay.com

ConnectPay is one of the fastest growing Electronic Money Institutions (EMI) in Lithuania – the leading fintech hub in continental Europe - providing banking services for internet based companies. By offering a One Stop Shop solution for all payment facilities under one roof, ConnectPay arrays smooth onboarding & boutique banking experience. ConnectPay’s main activity and focus is banking payment services for business and institutional clients: - Payments: Euro zone (instant) & Cross-border - Accounts: Business & Segregated - APIs: Online Banking & Merchant - Accept payments: Banking & Card payments (NL, FI & DE) - Corporate cards - BaaS (Banking as a Service) ConnectPay is licensed and regulated by the Bank of Lithuania and is subject to the regulatory framework of the European Central Bank.

BizPayO

bizpayo.com

BizPayO lets professionals accept credit card and ACH payments online while recovering the processing fees. 100% compliant and ultra-secure.

Reap Global

reap.global

Reap is a financial platform that enables access and financial connectivity through innovation for companies of all sizes. Reap combines spend management software with a range of innovative payment products — including the flagship Reap Visa Corporate Credit Card. Reap is committed to helping businesses orchestrate success by providing the best financial tools that evolve with its customers and the market. Reap is supported by an empowering group of investors, including Acorn Pacific Ventures, Arcadia Funds, HashKey Capital, Hustle Fund, Fresco Capital, Abacus Ventures and Payment Asia. The Company was founded in 2018 and has since expanded to a team of over 50, working across offices in seven countries.

Prommt

prommt.com

Prommt is a secure payment request platform that turns risky, time-consuming telephone payments into secure, online transactions. Prommt gives merchants the ability to send instant, personalised payment requests to customers via email, text or online message; bringing a secure and seamless online checkout experience directly to customers. Ideal for enterprise clients, Prommt is a fully scalable web-based application that can provide large organisations with easy user management and tiered access control for complex teams across multiple locations. Integrating fully with existing payment providers, Prommt allows clients to maintain relationships with their current gateway or card payment processor. Packed with clever features including secure card tokenisation, recurring payments, Autocharge, automated receipts, intelligent alerts and fully-branded payment communications, Prommt provides all of the tools you need to transform your payment processes.

Easebuzz

easebuzz.in

Easebuzz is full-stack payment solutions platform serving more than 1,00,000 businesses in India. With a mission to become one-stop Financial Operating System for businesses, Easebuzz helps companies digitise payments & manage end-to-end financial operations around digital payment collections, payment disbursals, connected banking, split payments, automated reconciliation, vendor payments, sub-merchant management, refund management etc through plug-and-play API solutions. Besides serving SMEs and startups in India, the company also caters to mid and large corporate business from various sectors of the economy including education, retail, NBFCs, insurance, e-commerce, D2C, travel & tourism etc.

Skydo

skydo.com

Skydo makes receiving international business payments affordable, easy and seamless. Get GST compliant FIRA and real time payment tracking. Cheapest solution for businesses and freelancers compared to banks, Paypal and Wise.

Rvvup

rvvup.com

Rvvup is a Payments 3.0 multi-rail payment platform that delivers new real-time open banking and digital currency payments, alongside Cards, PayPal, Apple Pay & BNPL - future proofing businesses with one simple integration, instant settlement, increased conversion and lower fees.

PayOp

payop.com

PayOp is a convenient online payment system for online businessmen of any field of activity that allows you to accept payments using more than 150 methods in all countries of the world*, which will allow your business to grow in new regions.

Mamo Pay

mamopay.com

We're a UAE, Dubai based FinTech, the first to be fully regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority ("DFSA")🇦🇪 founded by two ex-Google employees. Mamo Pay for Business is a full-stack payment platform for SMEs (only UAE). Whether you're a SME, a home business, or a freelancer, send your customers a payment link and get paid instantly. Login to your dedicated dashboard and create and manage as many payment links as your require, generate QR codes payments, automate invoices, request API integrations for ecommerce, or disbursements to all your vendors. At Mamo, we value our customers' privacy and security. Security by design is an approach at Mamo that makes our systems free of vulnerabilities through continuous testing, authentication safeguards, and an adherence to the best programming practices and industry standards for your peace of mind. To learn more visit www.mamobusiness.com

AxxonPay

axxonpay.com

AxxonPay is a premier payment solutions provider and a direct bank card acquirer for high risk merchants. We offer a range of payment services, including Visa, Mastercard, JCB, UnionPay, and alternative payment methods to clients across the globe. Our data-driven technologies are customized to suit the needs of our e-commerce clients, making online payments simple, secure and hassle-free. Our payment gateway facilitates an omnichannel payment process, combining acquiring capabilities, over 100 payment methods, mass payouts, and technological innovation within a single, seamless integration. AxxonPay guarantees swift money movement in a single click. Our clients benefit from reduced operational costs, reduced time-to-market for business expansion, and the perfect balance between conversion and security. With over 700 employees, AxxonPay has a global presence with four offices worldwide. We are licensed by the Financial Conduct Authority FCP of the UK. Our commitment to our clients is reflected in our state-of-the-art payment solutions and impeccable customer service.

Paystand

paystand.com

Paystand is a leading digital payment solution for B2B companies, with over 170,000 businesses transacting on its payment network. Paystand makes it easy to accept payments, streamline collections, and automate hours of manual AR tasks. Using Paystand, you can enable no-fee payments and simplify complex accounting processes and operations like collections, payment reconciliation, and the communication workflow with customers. You won't find any additional fees or markups associated with Paystand's network. Instead, you can access wholesale processing rates and collect payments electronically without paying any transaction fees. With robust support for many ERPs like NetSuite, Xero, and other eCommerce systems like Magento and Epicor, Paystand integrations upgrade the entire customer payment experience. Paystand helps you reduces costs and frees up AR resources across your business to improve cost savings, team productivity, and cash flow.

Telleroo

telleroo.com

Pay runs without the pain. Bulk payments without the bank. Faster payments without the fees. More secure payments without the stress. Telleroo de-risks bulk payments for business owners, internal finance teams, accountants and bookkeepers. You can prepare pay runs easily, then fund a ringfenced e-money account when you need to process them. It's more secure than giving business bank access to 3rd parties and far less hassle than dealing with bank mandates, bulk payment services and file uploads. When a pay run is ready, simply fund the account and payments are sent instantly or on your scheduled date. Telleroo has a two-way sync with Xero and connects with other payment and payroll solutions such as Employment Hero, Staffology, ExpenseIn and SafeHR. You can also upload a payment file from Sage, QBO or anywhere else to send payments in seconds. Give your teammates permission to create, review and approve payments, stopping the CEO bottleneck. Telleroo will alert you if bank details are updated, a new employee/supplier is added, or if a recipient name is a full match, partial match or no match to the bank account holder, giving you an extra layer of protection. You can even scan bank details from invoices to de-risk payments to new suppliers! Use Telleroo to pay UK-based vendors and employees in GBP or to convert and send payments in USD, EUR, AUD, CAD and more! If you're a Xero user you can reconcile international payments without having to adjust the exchange rate.

Global Payments

globalpayments.com

Global Payments Inc. (NYSE: GPN) is a leading worldwide provider of payment technology and software solutions delivering innovative services to our customers globally.

Crezco

crezco.com

Crezco is the open banking payment solution designed for online invoices. We eliminate card fees and slow settlement times, saving you money, time spent reconciling, and improving your cashflow. You can also use Crezco’s bulk payment to securely pay suppliers and staff all around the world from a single bank authentication. We are the first account-to-account payments solution to handle international payments, as well as domestic payments, send or receive payments in 60+ currencies with some of the best rates on the market.

Helcim

helcim.com

Helcim is a payments company that lets businesses accept credit cards with ease. Helcim focuses on delivering a better payment service by making it easier to sign up, providing smarter payment tools, and making it more affordable to get paid. We know that getting paid is central to your business, that’s why we are committed to delivering a better credit card processing experience every single step of the way. You can sign up for a Helcim account in minutes. With no complicated paperwork and easy online approval, you can get started right away. Your Helcim account allows you to accept payments from your customers in-person, online, in-app, over the phone, by invoice, and more - and we’re proud to offer all this flexibility at no extra cost.

OmniCard

omnicard.in

OmniCard offers Embedded payments as its core capability to help companies solve for their Business Spending & payment flows needs. OmniCard's embedded payment offerings include Spend management, Reward & Engagement Solutions and Corporate Cards; specially curated for a business’s customised needs.

NUMARQE

numarqe.com

NUMARQE is a corporate lending platform that is transforming working capital management for mid market corporates.

KlearCard

getkleercard.com

The #1 business spending solution: expense management, bill pay, flexible P-Cards and credit solutions.